认知能力对飞行安全绩效的影响研究

张香瑜

摘要：随着我国民航事业的快速发展，国家和人民对民航安全的重视程度愈发强烈。飞行 员作为直接影响飞行安全的第一责任人，其认知能力对飞行安全绩效有着重大影响。因 此，了解掌握认知能力对飞行安全绩效的影响规律是十分必要的。本文依据飞行员认知 能力对飞行安全绩效具有影响的理论假设建立结构方程模型，经过问卷调查、现场实验、 模型评价、模型修正、模型分析，得到各认知能力对飞行安全绩效的影响规律及各认知 能力之间的内在相互影响规律，并运用层次回归分析方法，探究安全氛围对认知能力和 安全绩效关系的调节作用。 结果显示：1）认知能力对飞行安全绩效的影响规律：空间知觉、时间知觉、运动 知觉、形象记忆、情景记忆、语义记忆、动作记忆、视觉注意、听觉注意会正向影响安 全遵守，情绪记忆会负向影响安全遵守；空间知觉、时间知觉、运动知觉、形象记忆、 情景记忆、情绪记忆、语义记忆、动作记忆、视觉注意、听觉注意会正向影响安全结果， 情绪记忆会负向影响安全结果；语义记忆会正向影响安全参与；情绪记忆会负向影响安 全参与。2）各认知能力之间存在的相互影响规律：运动知觉与空间知觉之间存在正向 的相互影响关系；空间知觉与动作记忆之间存在正向的相互影响关系；运动知觉与动作 记忆之间存在正向的相互影响关系；时间知觉与情绪记忆之间存在负向的相互影响关系； 情景记忆与语义记忆之间存在正向的相互影响关系；视觉注意与形象记忆之间存在正向 的相互影响关系；视觉注意和听觉注意之间存在负向的相互影响关系。3）安全氛围对 认知能力和安全绩效关系具有调节作用：安全氛围对空间知觉和安全遵守的关系具有正 向的调节作用；安全氛围对时间知觉和安全遵守的关系具有正向的调节作用；安全氛围 对运动知觉和安全遵守的关系具有正向的调节作用；安全氛围对情绪记忆和安全参与的 关系具有负向的调节作用；安全氛围对语义记忆和安全参与的关系具有正向的调节作用； 安全氛围对情景记忆和安全结果的关系具有正向的调节作用。 

关键词：认知能力；安全绩效；安全氛围；影响规律；调节效应

Research on the Influence of Cognitive Ability on Flight Safety Performance

ZHANG Xiang-yu

Abstract: With the rapid development of China's civil aviation industry, the state and the people attach more and more importance to the safety of civil aviation. As the first person responsible for directly affecting flight safety, the pilot's cognitive ability has a significant impact on flight safety performance. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influence of cognitive ability on flight safety performance. In this paper, a structural equation model is established based on the theoretical assumption that the pilot's cognitive ability has an impact on flight safety performance. After questionnaire surveys, field experiments, model evaluations, model corrections, and model analysis, the influence laws of each cognitive ability on flight safety performance and various factors are obtained. The internal interaction between cognitive abilities is analyzed, and the hierarchical regression analysis method is used to explore the regulating effect of safety atmosphere on the relationship between cognitive ability and safety performance. The results show that:1) The influence of cognitive ability on flight safety performance: space perception, time perception, motion perception, image memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, action memory, visual attention and auditory attention will positively affect safety compliance. Emotional memory can negatively affect safety compliance. Space perception, time perception, motion perception, image memory, episodic memory, emotional memory, semantic memory, action memory, visual attention, and auditory attention will positively affect safety results. Emotional memory can negatively affect safety outcomes. Semantic memory positively affects security participation. Emotional memory can negatively affect safe participation.2) There is a law of mutual influence between cognitive abilities: there is a positive mutual influence relationship between motion perception and space perception. There is a positive interaction between spatial perception and action memory. There is a positive correlation between motor perception and action memory. There is a negative interaction between time perception and emotional memory. There is a positive interaction between episodic memory and semantic memory. There is a positive interaction between visual attention and image memory. There is a negative interaction between visual attention and auditory attention.3) The safety atmosphere has a regulating effect on the relationship between cognitive ability and safety performance: the safety atmosphere has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between space perception and safety compliance. The safety atmosphere has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between time perception and safety compliance. The safety atmosphere has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between sports perception and safety compliance. The safety atmosphere negatively regulates the relationship between emotional memory and safe participation. The security atmosphere has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between semantic memory and security participation. The safety atmosphere has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between episodic memory and safety outcomes. 

Keywords: Cognitive ability; Safety performance; Safety atmosphere; Influence law; Regulatory effect

来源：张香瑜.(2020).认知能力对飞行安全绩效的影响研究硕士学位论文,中国民航大学).https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27627/d.cnki.gzmhy.2020.000191doi:10.27627/d.cnki.gzmhy.2020.000191.