情绪稳定性对飞行学员驾驶行为的影响分析

李瑞

摘要：近年来，民航业发展迅速，人们对于飞行安全的关注度也越来越高。如何有效降低飞行事故也显得格外重要，调查统计中发现造成飞行事故的主要原因中大 多数与飞行员的情绪有关。由此可见，如何培养情绪稳定的飞行员成为了关键之一，即有必要深入了解飞行学员训练阶段的情绪稳定性现状，深入探讨分析情绪 稳定性对学员驾驶行为的影响机理，以期实现提高飞行学员养成率的目标。 为分析情绪稳定性对我国飞行学员的影响现状，编制并向学员发放《飞行学员学飞训练阶段情绪稳定性调查问卷》，并对飞行教员进行访谈。发现在目视进近着陆阶段时，由于飞行高度较低，驾驶操作较为复杂，易产生不良的情绪反应， 从而影响学员的驾驶行为。 整合模拟飞行软件和眼动仪，构建飞行模拟实验平台。基于情绪稳定性测试， 选取 40 名飞行学员作为被试并分组，分别在不同情绪情境（积极情绪、消极情绪）、不同飞行环境（正常、特情）下模拟飞行实验，选取操作绩效作为被试驾 驶行为的结果指标，选取眼动指标作为被试驾驶行为的过程指标。采用独立样本 t 检验、方差分析、回归分析和相关性分析对数据进行处理分析。结果表明： （1）情绪稳定性对于飞行学员的驾驶行为有显著影响，高情绪稳定性学员在实验中表现更好。因此，可以优化飞行学员的选拔程序，在现有的飞行学员招飞程序基础上增加对于飞行学员情绪稳定性的考察，以选拔较为优秀的学员。 （2）飞行环境对飞行学员驾驶行为有显著影响，学员在正常环境情况下比 特情情况飞的好，故可以在模拟飞行实验室多加训练各种特殊情景，加强机组配合训练，以使其万一遇到此类特情时心理能够有所防范。情境环境对飞行学员驾驶行为无显著影响。 （3）情绪稳定性与兴趣区平均注视时间存在较强的正相关关系，与兴趣区注视时间百分占比存在负相关关系。可在测试训练中加入眼动技术对飞行学员进 行驾驶行为的考评，进而帮助学员提高操作水平。 通过对飞行学员情绪稳定性影响因素展开探究，提出相关建议措施，为实现飞行学员高养成率的目标提供了宝贵经验。 

关键词：飞行安全；飞行学员；情绪稳定性；驾驶行为；眼动指标

Analysis of Influence of Emotional Stability on Driving Performance of Flight Cadets

Li Rui

Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of civil aviation, people have paid more and more attention to flight safety. How to effectively reduce flight accidents is particularly important, the investigation and statistics found that the main cause of flight accidents are mostly related to the pilot's mood. Thus, how to cultivate a batch of emotionally stable pilots has become one of the keys. Thus it can be seen it is necessary to have an in-depth understanding of the status quo of emotional stability in the training stage of flight cadets, and to in-depth explore and analyze the influence mechanism of emotional stability on the driving performance of flight cadets, so as to achieve the goal of improving the development rate of flight cadets. In order to analyze the current situation of the impact of emotional stability on flight cadets in China, the Questionnaire on emotional stability of flight cadets during the learning and training stage was compiled and distributed to the cadets, and the flight instructors were interviewed. It is found that in the stage of visual approach and landing, because of the low flight altitude, the driving operation is more complex, and it is easy to produce adverse emotional reaction, which will affect cadet’s driving performance. Flight simulation software and eye tracker were integrated to build a flight simulation experimental platform. Based on the emotional stability test, 40 flight cadets were selected as subjects and grouped. respectively in different emotion situations (positive emotion, negative emotion), under different flight environment (normal and special situation) flight simulation experiment, the selection of operating performance as a result of the participants were driving indicators, selection of eye movement indicators as participants driving performance process indicators. Independent sample t test, analysis of variance, regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to process and analyze the data. The results are as follows: (1) Emotional stability has a significant impact on flight cadets' driving performance, and cadets with high emotional stability perform better in the experiment. Therefore, the selection procedure of flight cadets can be optimized, and the inspection of emotional stability of flight cadets can be added on the basis of the existing flight cadet recruitment procedure, so as to select more excellent flight cadets. (2) Flight environment has a significant impact on flight cadets' driving performance. Flight cadets can fly well in normal environment, so they can train more in various special situations in the flight simulation laboratory and strengthen the coordination training of the crew, so that they can take precautions in case of such special situations. Emotion situations has no impact on flight cadets' driving performance. (3) Emotional stability has a strong positive correlation with the average fixation time of the area of interest, and a negative correlation with the percentage of fixation time of the area of interest. Eye-movement technology can be added into the test training to evaluate the flight cadets' driving performance, so as to help them improve their operational level. By exploring the influencing factors of the emotional stability of flight cadets, relevant suggestions and measures were put forward, which provides valuable experience for achieving the goal of high development rate of flight cadets. 

KeyWords: Flight safety; Flight Cadet; Emotional stability; Driving performance; Eye movement indicator

来源：李瑞.(2021).情绪稳定性对飞行学员驾驶行为的影响分析硕士学位论文,中国民航大学).https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27627/d.cnki.gzmhy.2021.000501doi:10.27627/d.cnki.gzmhy.2021.000501.