Aircraft icing: an ongoing threat to aviation safety

Abstract: Flight safety is undoubtedly the most important requirement for modern aircraft design and operation. However, in reality, aircraft flight performance and safety are inevitably affected by adverse meteorological conditions, one such weather is icing. Aircraft icing can cause severe aerodynamic and flight mechanical effects, thus threatens aircraft flight safety. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the past research on aircraft icing is presented. Special attentions are paid in the following aspects. First, the causes, types, severity and natural parameters of aircraft icing are introduced. Then, the various effects of ice accretion on aircraft aerodynamic performance, stability, controllability as well as the existing estimation methods are summarized and analyzed. Following is a simple introduction to the recently rising issue on supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing. Finally, a series of aircraft flight accidents caused by icing in recent years are analyzed. The previous lessons should be accepted and disseminated by later generations to avoid accidents by aircraft icing.

Keywords:Aircraft, Icing, Flight Safety, SLD Icing, Aviation Accidents

飞机结冰：对航空安全的持续威胁

摘要：飞行安全无疑是现代飞机设计和运行的最重要要求。然而，在现实中，飞机的飞行性能和安全不可避免地会受到不利气象条件的影响，结冰天气就是其中之一。飞机结冰会对空气动力和飞行机械造成严重影响，从而威胁飞机的飞行安全。本文全面回顾了以往关于飞机结冰的研究。特别关注以下几个方面。首先，介绍了飞机结冰的原因、类型、严重程度和自然参数。然后，总结并分析了结冰对飞机气动性能、稳定性、可控性的各种影响以及现有的估算方法。随后简单介绍了最近兴起的过冷大液滴（SLD）结冰问题。最后，分析了近年来由结冰引起的一系列飞机飞行事故。前车之鉴，后人当引以为戒，避免飞机结冰事故的发生。

关键词：飞机，结冰，飞行安全，过冷大液滴结冰，航空事故

文章来源：Y. Cao et al, Aircraft icing: an ongoing threat to aviation safety, Aerosp. Sci. Technol. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.12.028