飞行员心理运动能力测量及其应用研究

吴建军

摘要：民航运输体系中，飞行员作为保障飞行安全的重要环节，其操作水平是影响飞机运 行安全的关键因素。随着飞机的智能化与自动化发展趋势，关于飞行员选拔的关注点逐 渐聚焦于心理方面，中国民航提出的飞行员技能全生命周期管理体系(PLM)明确指出与 飞行员心理评估相融合，涵盖基本认知能力、心理运动能力以及职业适应性心理等要素， 通过科学的飞行员心理测评工具进行评估，使飞行员具备更佳职业匹配度，从而达到减 少事故，提高运行安全效率的目标。本研究的目的是设计开发一套基于多目标追踪范式 的飞行员心理运动能力测评系统，实现标准化、客观化测量评估。同时结合模拟飞行实 验探究心理运动能力对飞行操作绩效的影响，验证其预测效度。 首先，采用文献归纳的方法对飞行员心理运动能力构成要素开展理论研究，明确眼 手协调能力、双手协调能力、注意分配能力和速度判断能力四个维度；针对飞行员心理 运动能力测评系统的需求、总体设计，基于多目标追踪范式的测量方案设计，进行系统 总体规划，为实现系统开发奠定理论基础。 其次，基于Unity 3D、Visual Studio 2017 等工具实现飞行员心理运动能力测评系统 主要功能模块的开发；为验证系统效度、信度，招募 54 名飞行学员参与测试实验，通 过进行各能力测量项目不同参数组间差异分析，信度检验以及项目难度和区分度分析， 结果表明，系统具备良好信效度和较高区分度。 最后，为探究心理运动能力对飞行操作绩效的影响，采用离差标准化对测试数据进 行处理，基于变异系数法得出心理运动能力总分公式；招募 16 名被试参与模拟飞行实 验，选取着陆阶段飞行参数表征飞行操作绩效，结合心理运动能力测量数据进行相关分 析，结果表明，心理运动能力与部分操作绩效指标呈显著相关，不同心理运动能力水平 间部分操作绩效存在显著差异，心理运动能力具有良好的预测效度。 本研究通过理论研究、实验研究、实证研究相结合，设计开发出基于多目标追踪范 式的飞行员心理运动能力测评系统，探究心理运动能力对模拟飞行操作绩效的影响，以 期为循证训练提供理论参考，强化飞行训练能动性，促进航空运行安全。

关键词：飞行安全；心理运动能力；眼手协调能力；多目标追踪范式；飞行操作绩效

Measurement and Application of Pilots' Psychomotor Ability

WU Jianjun

Abstract: In the civil aviation transportation system, the pilot, as an important link to ensure flight safety, operates at a level that is a key factor in the safety of aircraft operations. With the development of aircraft intelligence and automation, the focus on pilot selection is gradually focused on psychology, the pilot skill life cycle management system (PLM) proposed by civil aviation of China clearly points out the integration with pilot psychological assessment, It includes basic cognitive ability, psychomotor ability, personality and occupational adaptability. It is evaluated through scientific pilot psychological evaluation tools to make the matching between people and occupation more scientific and reasonable, so as to reduce accidents and improve work efficiency. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a pilot psychomotor ability evaluation system based on multi-objective tracking paradigm to realize standardized and objective measurement and evaluation. At the same time, combined with the simulated flight experiment, this thesis explores the impact of psychomotor ability on flight operation performance, and verifies its predictive validity. Firstly, using the method of literature induction, this thesis makes a theoretical study on the constituent elements of pilots' psychomotor ability, and defines four dimensions: eye hand coordination ability, bimanual coordination ability, attention distribution ability and speed judgment ability; According to the requirements and overall design of the pilot psychomotor ability evaluation system, the measurement scheme design based on multi-objective tracking paradigm is carried out, and the overall planning of the system is carried out, which lays a theoretical foundation for the development of the system.Secondly, the development of the main functional modules of the pilot psychomotor ability evaluation system is realized based on unity 3D, visual studio 2017 and other tools; In order to verify the validity and reliability of the system, 54 flight cadets were recruited to participate in the test experiment. Through the difference analysis between different parameter groups of each ability measurement item, reliability test and item difficulty and discrimination analysis, the results show that the system has good reliability, validity and high discrimination. Finally, in order to explore the influence of psychomotor ability on flight operation performance, the deviation standardization is used to process the test data, and the total score formula of psychomotor ability is obtained based on the coefficient of variation method; Sixteen subjects were recruited to participate in the simulated flight experiment. The flight parameters in the landing stage were selected to represent the flight operation performance. The correlationanalysis was carried out in combination with the psychomotor ability measurement data. The results showed that the psychomotor ability was significantly correlated with some operation performance indicators, and there were significant differences in some operation performance among different psychomotor ability levels, psychomotor ability has good predictive validity. Through a combination of theoretical, experimental, and empirical research, this study designs and develops a pilot psychomotor ability assessment system based on a multi-objective tracking paradigm to investigate the influence of psychomotor ability on simulated flight operation performance in order to provide a theoretical reference for evidence-based training, strengthen flight training dynamics, and promote aviation operational safety.

Keywords: Flight safety; Psychomotor ability; Eye-hand coordination; Multi-objec trac king paradigm; Flight performance.

来源：吴建军.飞行员心理运动能力测量及其应用研究[D].中国民航大学,2022.DOI:10.27627/d.cnki.gzmhy.2022.000595